kubernetes系列教程(十八)TKE中实现ingress服务暴露-深蓝源码网

时间: 2020-09-03 00:08:26 人气: 2350 评论: 0

写在前面

上一篇文章中介绍了基于Nginx实现Ingress Controller的实现，介绍了Nginx Ingress Controller安装、相关功能，TLS，高级特性等介绍，本章开始介绍基于腾讯云TKE实现ingress服务暴露。

1. TKE ingress

1.1 TKE ingress架构

TKE是Tencent Kubernetes Engine即腾讯云基于kubernetes提供的公有云上容器云服务，TKE提供了两种暴露服务的方式：service和ingress。

  • 内网CLB，四层负载均衡，提供VPC内访问，通过node节点的NodePort转发至service；
  • 外网CLB，四层负载均衡，提供公网访问，需要node节点具有访问公网的能力；
  • ingress， 七层负载均衡，提供http和https接入，提供ingress控制器的功能，借助NodePort转发
TKE service和ingress

要使用TKE的ingress功能，需要了解一下相关的组件内容：

  • l7-lb-controller ingress客户端，安装在kube-system，用于解析ingress配置并更新CLB的规则
  • CLB 七层负载均衡，提供ingress controller的功能，根据ingress规则创建http/https监听器，配置转发规则，以NodePort端口绑定后端RS
  • Service 用于ingress服务发现，通过NodePort方式接入CLB
  • 证书 用于提供https接入，配置在CLB负载均衡上，提供CA签名证书，通过Secrets封装给CLB使用

由于nginx ingress controller是直接以Pod的形势部署在kubernetes集群中，借助于service的服务发现可直接实现和pod通讯，而TKE中ingress controller未直接部署在k8s集群中，网络的接入需借助于service的NodePort实现接入，其数据流如下图：

TKE ingress数据流走向

1.2 ingress虚拟主机

环境说明: 创建两个Deployment并以NodePort方式暴露服务，www1.happylau.cn对应tke-app-1服务，同理www2.happylau.cn对应tke-app-2服务，如下演示操作过程：

1、创建两个Deployments

[root@VM_10_2_centos ingress]# kubectl create deployment tke-app-1 --image=nginx:1.7.9
[root@VM_10_2_centos ingress]# kubectl create deployment tke-app-2 --image=nginx:1.7.9

2、 将两个Deployment以NodePort的方式暴露服务

[root@VM_10_2_centos ~]# kubectl expose deployment tke-app-1 --port=80 --type=NodePort
[root@VM_10_2_centos ~]# kubectl expose deployment tke-app-2 --port=80 --type=NodePort

查看服务列表
[root@VM_10_2_centos ~]# kubectl get services 
NAME         TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)        AGE
kubernetes   ClusterIP   172.16.255.1     <none>        443/TCP        83d
tke-app-1    NodePort    172.16.255.91    <none>        80:30597/TCP   2s
tke-app-2    NodePort    172.16.255.236   <none>        80:31674/TCP   73s

3、定义ingress规则，定义两个host将不同主机转发至backend不同的service

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: tke-ingress-demo
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: qcloud
spec:
  rules:
  - host: www1.happylau.cn 
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /
        backend:
          serviceName: tke-app-1 
          servicePort: 80 
  - host: www2.happylau.cn 
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /
        backend:
          serviceName: tke-app-2 
          servicePort: 80

4、 应用ingress规则，并查看ingress详情，可以看到ingress创建了一个公网CLB实例

#应用ingress规则
[root@VM_10_2_centos ingress]# kubectl apply -f tke-ingress-demo.yaml 
ingress.extensions/tke-ingress-demo created

#查看ingress列表
[root@VM_10_2_centos ingress]# kubectl get ingresses 
NAME               HOSTS                               ADDRESS         PORTS   AGE
tke-ingress-demo   www1.happylau.cn,www2.happylau.cn   140.143.84.xxx   80      67s

#查看 ingress详情
[root@VM_10_2_centos ingress]# kubectl describe ingresses tke-ingress-demo 
Name:             tke-ingress-demo
Namespace:        default
Address:          140.143.84.xxx
Default backend:  default-http-backend:80 (<none>)
Rules:
  Host              Path  Backends
  ----              ----  --------
  www1.happylau.cn  
                    /   tke-app-1:80 (172.16.1.15:80)
  www2.happylau.cn  
                    /   tke-app-2:80 (172.16.2.17:80)
Annotations:
  kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration:  {"apiVersion":"extensions/v1beta1","kind":"Ingress","metadata":{"annotations":{"kubernetes.io/ingress.class":"qcloud"},"name":"tke-ingress-demo","namespace":"default"},"spec":{"rules":[{"host":"www1.happylau.cn","http":{"paths":[{"backend":{"serviceName":"tke-app-1","servicePort":80},"path":"/"}]}},{"host":"www2.happylau.cn","http":{"paths":[{"backend":{"serviceName":"tke-app-2","servicePort":80},"path":"/"}]}}]}}

  kubernetes.io/ingress.class:                  qcloud
  kubernetes.io/ingress.qcloud-loadbalance-id:  lb-a0xwhcx3
Events:
  Type    Reason           Age                From                     Message
  ----    ------           ----               ----                     -------
  Normal  EnsuringIngress  69s (x3 over 89s)  loadbalancer-controller  Ensuring ingress
  Normal  CREATE           69s (x2 over 70s)  loadbalancer-controller  create loadbalancer succ
  Normal  EnsuredIngress   68s (x3 over 70s)  loadbalancer-controller  Ensured ingress

5、测试验证，将IP和域名写入到hosts文件中，访问域名测试验证，如下通过curl解析的方式测试验证

ingress测试验证

6、ingress会创建一个CLB，并在CLB中创建监听器、设置转发规则、绑定后端RS，下图是CLB上自动生成的规则

CLB规则

通过上面演示可知：

  • 自动创建CLB实例
  • CLB实例上配置监听器
  • 配置转发规则
  • 绑定Node节点
  • 绑定端口为service创建的NodePort

1.3 ingress证书加密

TKE支持将在CLB中加载证书实现https加密传输，证书是经过第三方认证的CA签名过的证书，需要先购买好证书，通过Secrets对象在kubernetes集群中定义，如下演示https的实现。

1、 通过Secrets创建证书，先获取到证书的id，如果没有则先创建证书，证书管理，本文以证书id TKPmsWb3 为例，通过stringData能实现base64自动加密

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: ingress-ssl-key
stringData:
  qcloud_cert_id: TKPmsWb3 
type: Opaque

#生成Secrets对象
[root@VM_10_2_centos ingress]# kubectl apply -f ingress-secret.yaml 
secret/ingress-ssl-key created
[root@VM_10_2_centos ingress]# kubectl get secrets ingress-ssl-key 
NAME              TYPE     DATA   AGE
ingress-ssl-key   Opaque   1      7s

#查看secrets详情，可得知VEtQbXNXYjM= 已自动通过base64加密
[root@VM_10_2_centos ingress]# kubectl get secrets ingress-ssl-key -o yaml
apiVersion: v1
data:
  qcloud_cert_id: VEtQbXNXYjM=  
kind: Secret
metadata:
  annotations:
    kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration: |
      {"apiVersion":"v1","kind":"Secret","metadata":{"annotations":{},"name":"ingress-ssl-key","namespace":"default"},"stringData":{"qcloud_cert_id":"TKPmsWb3"},"type":"Opaque"}
  creationTimestamp: "2020-01-03T11:53:33Z"
  name: ingress-ssl-key
  namespace: default
  resourceVersion: "7083702418"
  selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/default/secrets/ingress-ssl-key
  uid: aaea4a86-2e1f-11ea-a618-ae9224ffad1a
type: Opaque

#可以通过base64查看解密后的内容，和配置文件中定义的id一致
[root@VM_10_2_centos ingress]# echo VEtQbXNXYjM= | base64 -d
TKPmsWb3

2、准备环境，创建一个nginx的Deployment

[root@VM_10_2_centos ~]# kubectl create deployment tke-ingress-ssl-demo --image=nginx:1.7.9
deployment.apps/tke-ingress-ssl-demo created
[root@VM_10_2_centos ~]# kubectl get deployments 
NAME                   READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
tke-ingress-ssl-demo   1/1     1            1           6s

3、将Deployment暴露以NodePort类型暴露service

[root@VM_10_2_centos ~]# kubectl expose deployment tke-ingress-ssl-demo --port=80 --type=NodePort
service/tke-ingress-ssl-demo exposed
[root@VM_10_2_centos ~]# kubectl get service tke-ingress-ssl-demo -o yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: "2020-01-03T12:00:05Z"
  labels:
    app: tke-ingress-ssl-demo
  name: tke-ingress-ssl-demo
  namespace: default
  resourceVersion: "7083890283"
  selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/default/services/tke-ingress-ssl-demo
  uid: 94659f42-2e20-11ea-a618-ae9224ffad1a
spec:
  clusterIP: 172.16.255.64
  externalTrafficPolicy: Cluster
  ports:
  - nodePort: 30324
    port: 80
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: 80
  selector:
    app: tke-ingress-ssl-demo
  sessionAffinity: None
  type: NodePort    #类型为NodePort
status:
  loadBalancer: {}

4、定义ingress规则，加载证书实现https转发

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: tke-ingress-ssl
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: qcloud
    qcloud_cert_id: TKPmsWb3
spec:
  rules:
  - host: www.happylauliu.cn
    http:
      paths:
      - path:
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